解决方案 / 争议解决

Shareholders' Agreement

This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation explains the importance behind a well drafted and comprehensive agreement between shareholders and examines both the legal underpinnings of these contracts and explores practical options for allocating rights and liabilities across different business scenarios.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Shareholder Disputes: Oppression, Buyout Orders, Share Valuation

This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation explores both the legal and technical aspects of shareholder oppression claims and business / share valuations.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Shareholder Decisions - The Power of the Vote

When corporate management is vested solely in the Board, can shareholders ever make business decisions for the company? This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation examines the rare exceptions to this rule and outlines the factors courts consider when allowing shareholders to intervene in corporate management.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Shareholder - The Concept of Rights & Liabilities

This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation examines the legal relationship between a company and its shareholders post-incorporation, focusing on the specific rights shareholders retain when day-to-day management is vested entirely in the Board.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Share Buyout - Applicability of Discounts

When courts find shareholder oppression, a share buyout is a common enough remedy to the aggrieved shareholder. This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation discusses the circumstances under which valuation discounts may be applied when the court orders a buyout to remedy the oppression.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Power to Grant Relief - A Director's Liability under Section 391 of the Companies Act 1967

This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation explores the reliefs a director might seek under section 391 of the Companies Act 1967 when facing legal action for a breach of director's duties.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Lifting the Veil of of Incorporation

This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation discusses the concept of the separate legal personality following the incorporation of a company in Singapore.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Directors - The Concept of Duties & Liabilities

This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation discusses the concept of directorships in Singapore and explains that while the law recognises only one form of directorship, in practice, there are several kinds of directors including executive and non-executive directors. All owe fiduciary duties to the company.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Derivative Action by Shareholders

This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation discusses the very common scenario of a deadlock between a company and its shareholders. We discuss specific circumstances where a shareholder's request for enforcement and accountability are rebuffed by the Board.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Companies - Corporate Personality

This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation provides an overview on how companies are incorporated in the Republic of Singapore and explains the effects of incorporation and the relationships between the company and its shareholders after incorporation.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Case Update: Sakae Holdings Ltd [2018] SGCA 33

This Case Update by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation discusses the decision made by the highest court in the Republic of Singapore relating to minority oppression claims brought under Section 216 of the Companies Act 1967. The important distinction is drawn between personal wrongs suffered by a shareholder and corporate wrongs committed against the company, and in what situations may a finding of commercial unfairness be found to support a claim for oppression.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Case Highlight: Reverse Oppression

This Case Highlight by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation discusses the topic of whether a majority shareholder may ever be "oppressed" by the minority.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Case Highlight: Shareholder Oppression and the Relevance of a Buyout Remedy

This Case Highlight by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation discusses a decision made by the High Court of the Republic of Singapore to dismiss an application made by the majority shareholders to strike out a minority shareholder's claim for oppression, on grounds that a buyout offer had already been made. The majority shareholders' application was successfully resisted.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

Access to a Company's Documents & Records

This Article by Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation explores a director's rights of inspection vis-a-vis company documents and the avenue one has when his/her entitlement is restricted.

Mark Lee Chambers Law Corporation

中国企业投资马来西亚：法律与合规要点

本文件由 Ravindran Advocates & Solicitors 提供，详细介绍中国企业在马来西亚投资的法律与合规要点，涵盖外商投资政策、公司注册要求、税务规定及公司治理，并依据《马来西亚公司法2016》提供合规指导。 核心内容包括外资企业架构、反腐合规要求、税收优惠及争议解决机制。此外，文件还重点分析制造业、基础设施、科技及可再生能源等行业的投资机会，并介绍马中双边税收协定（DTA），帮助企业优化跨境税收安排。 凭借优越的地理位置、亲商政策及健全的法律保护体系，马来西亚是中国企业海外投资的重要目的地。本指南为企业进入马来西亚市场、确保合规运营及实现长期发展提供全面支持。

Ravindran Advocates & Solicitors

离岸投资保护：成功的法律策略

本文件由 Appleby 提供，全面解析离岸投资架构、资产保护及争议解决方案，适用于使用百慕大、英属维尔京群岛（BVI）和开曼群岛等离岸司法管辖区的中国投资者。 报告涵盖投资前尽职调查、股东权利、基金架构、境外执行中国法院判决、资产回收及公司清算策略，并详细介绍离岸公司治理的法律框架，包括有限合伙制、股东协议及债权人在破产清算中的权利。 本指南还深入探讨跨境合规、税务架构及争议解决机制，为投资者提供全面的法律策略，以保护离岸资产并应对国际法律挑战。

Appleby

瑞士并购（M&A）全面指南

本文件提供了瑞士并购（M&A）的深入法律和监管指南。内容涵盖关键原则、法律框架、监管机构、交易结构、尽职调查、竞争法考量、税务影响及争议解决方案。指南还详细介绍了并购交易中的重要法律文件，如股份购买协议和资产购买协议，并探讨了瑞士并购的未来趋势，包括科技与全球化的影响。凭借详尽的清单和监管见解，该指南是投资者、企业高管和法律专业人士在瑞士开展并购交易的重要参考资料。

Ruggle Partner

摩洛哥：非洲领先的调解与仲裁中心

本文件概述了摩洛哥在仲裁和调解领域不断发展的法律框架，重点介绍了2022年6月14日生效的《95-17号法》。该法案引入了一种独立且现代化的替代争议解决（ADR）方式，提供灵活性、高效性，并融入了电子程序交换和远程听证等技术创新。文件分析了仲裁员的角色、报酬规则及国际仲裁标准，同时指出了改进空间，包括更明确的专业资格要求和增强数字仲裁程序的网络安全措施。这使摩洛哥成为非洲乃至全球投资者和企业的竞争性战略ADR中心。

I&I律师事务所

韩国投资：税务相关问题与解答

本文件提供了韩国投资税务相关问题的全面问答指南，涵盖公司税、个人所得税、增值税（VAT）、数字税、转让定价、预扣税及税收激励政策。指南详细解析了韩国的税收体系、税务申报要求、合规申报截止日期及外国投资者的税收优惠，并介绍了中韩税收协定，包括避免双重征税、相互协商程序（MAP）及税收优惠政策。此外，文件还重点分析了适用于科技、制造业及出口行业的行业特定税收政策，以及税务风险和争议解决机制，为企业、外国投资者及税务专业人士提供重要的参考资料，以助力其顺利应对韩国的税务体系。

瓴德法律

埃及海关指南：常见问题解答（FAQs）

本文件提供了埃及海关法规的常见问题解答（FAQ）指南，涵盖关税、进出口程序、税则分类、免税规定及合规要求等关键内容。指南详细介绍了埃及海关法的结构、埃及海关总署的职能、关税计算方法、自由区管理及临时免税政策。此外，文件还解析了海关违规的处罚措施、货物检查流程、仓储管理规定及争议解决机制，并强调了转运货物的特殊规定、外资贸易激励措施及贸易便利化政策。此文件是企业、进口商、出口商及法律专业人士了解埃及海关法规及合规流程的重要参考资料。

瓴德法律